材料電阻率測(cè)試儀廠家直銷  電阻的作用：

電阻在電路中的作用：利用著名的歐姆定律可以利用電阻控制電路中的電壓、電流。

電阻的主要物理特征就是可以變電能為熱能，因此熱水器中的發(fā)熱元件、電燈泡、電燙斗就是利用了電阻的作用制成的。另外電阻有怕熱的特性，當(dāng)導(dǎo)體材料溫度升高時(shí)材料的電阻率會(huì)增大（有些材料則表現(xiàn)為減小），因此利用電阻的這種特性可以制作溫度測(cè)量計(jì)（不知道你看見過(guò)沒(méi)，插一根“鐵絲”就能測(cè)量溫度的方法就是利用了這種電阻材料作用的）。

另外一些材料的電阻還會(huì)受到光線照射的印象，而利用這樣的材料可以制成光敏電阻，利用這點(diǎn)作用可以方便的設(shè)計(jì)光控電路以及光的測(cè)量和光電轉(zhuǎn)換等領(lǐng)域。

材料電阻率測(cè)試儀廠家直銷  參數(shù)

測(cè)量參數(shù) 絕緣電阻R，泄漏電流I，表面電阻Rs，體積電阻Rv

測(cè)試電壓1-1000v  1000個(gè)檔位可以調(diào)

測(cè)試范圍 電阻5*102Ω~1*1016Ω（超出顯示電流最大換算可到20次方）， 電阻率最高可達(dá)到1022Ω.cm

測(cè)量方式：手動(dòng)/自動(dòng)兩種

界面語(yǔ)言選擇：英文/中文 兩種

顯示位數(shù)：4/5位  兩種選擇

測(cè)量模式：三種

測(cè)試速度可選擇  快速5次/秒，慢速1次/秒，兩種可選

回讀電壓精度 0.5%?1V

測(cè)試特點(diǎn)：帶設(shè)置記憶功能開機(jī)一鍵測(cè)試出結(jié)果不用反復(fù)設(shè)置

可設(shè)定測(cè)量延時(shí)和放電延時(shí)

十種自定義測(cè)量模式可以用戶自己編輯開機(jī)直接調(diào)取滿足不同材料的測(cè)試需求

量程超限顯示 量程上超

輸入端子 香蕉插頭，BNC插頭

精度保證期 1年 根據(jù)計(jì)量證書有效期  可在全國(guó)任意檢測(cè)所檢測(cè)精度保證 

操作溫度和濕度0℃到40℃80%RH以下(無(wú)凝結(jié))

存儲(chǔ)溫度和濕度-10℃到60℃80%RH以下(無(wú)凝結(jié))

操作環(huán)境 室內(nèi),最高海拔2000m

電源 電壓：110V/ 220V AC頻率：47Hz/63Hz 兩種供電模式

功耗 50 W

尺寸 約331 mm x 329 mm x 80 mm

重量 約4.1kg

說(shuō)明

1．電阻率ρ不僅和導(dǎo)體的材料有關(guān)，還和導(dǎo)體的溫度有關(guān)。在溫度變化不大的范圍內(nèi)：幾乎所有金屬的電阻率隨溫度作線性變化，即ρ=ρo(1 at)。式中t是攝氏溫度，ρo是O℃時(shí)的電阻率，a是電阻率溫度系數(shù)。

2．由于電阻率隨溫度改變而改變，所以對(duì)于某些電器的電阻，必須說(shuō)明它們所處的物理狀態(tài)。如一個(gè)220 V -100 W電燈燈絲的電阻，通電時(shí)是484歐姆，未通電時(shí)只有40歐姆左右。

3．電阻率和電阻是兩個(gè)不同的概念。電阻率是反映物質(zhì)對(duì)電流阻礙作用的屬性，電阻是反映物體對(duì)電流阻礙作用的能力大小。

4.超導(dǎo)體的直流電阻率在一定的低溫下突然消失，被稱作零電阻效應(yīng)。導(dǎo)體沒(méi)有了電阻。

金屬的電阻率較小，合金的電阻率較大，非金屬和一些金屬氧化物更大，而絕緣體的電阻率極大。鍺、硅、硒、氧化銅、硼等的電阻率比絕緣體小而比金屬大，我們把這類材料叫做半導(dǎo)體(semiconductors)。

總結(jié)：常態(tài)下（由表可知）導(dǎo)電性能好的依次是銀、銅、鋁，這三種材料是常用的，常被用來(lái)作為導(dǎo)線等。銀的價(jià)格偏貴，因此銅用的為廣，幾乎所有應(yīng)用的導(dǎo)線都是銅制作的（精密儀器、特殊場(chǎng)合除外）。鋁線由于化學(xué)性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定容易氧化已被淘汰。由于鋁密度小，取材廣泛，且價(jià)格比銅便宜，被廣泛用于電力系統(tǒng)中傳輸電力的架空輸電線路。為解決鋁材剛性不足缺陷，一般采用鋼芯鋁絞線，即鋁絞線內(nèi)部包有一根鋼線，以提高強(qiáng)度。銀導(dǎo)電性能好，但由于成本高很少被采用，只有在高要求場(chǎng)合才被使用，如精密儀器、高頻震蕩器、航天等。在某些場(chǎng)合儀器上觸點(diǎn)也有用金的，因?yàn)榻鸬幕瘜W(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，并不是因?yàn)槠潆娮杪市∷隆?/p>

The function of resistance:

The role of resistance in circuits: Using the famous Ohm's law, resistance can be used to control the voltage and current in a circuit.

The main physical characteristic of resistance is that it can convert electrical energy into thermal energy, so the heating elements, light bulbs, and electric irons in water heaters are made using the effect of resistance. In addition, resistors have the characteristic of being sensitive to heat. When the temperature of the conductor material increases, the resistivity of the material will increase (some materials show a decrease). Therefore, using this characteristic of resistors can be used to make temperature measuring instruments (I don't know if you have seen it, the method of measuring temperature by inserting a "wire" is based on the effect of this resistor material).

In addition, the resistance of some materials can also be affected by light exposure, and using such materials can make photoresistors. This can facilitate the design of light control circuits, as well as the measurement and photoelectric conversion of light.

parameter

Measurement parameters include insulation resistance R, leakage current I, surface resistance Rs, and volume resistance Rv

Test voltage 1-1000v, adjustable in 1000 gears

The test range of resistance is 5 * 102 Ω~1 * 10 16 Ω (beyond the maximum displayed current, it can be converted to the power of 20), and the highest resistivity can reach 1022 Ω. cm

Measurement methods: manual/automatic

Interface language selection: English/Chinese

Display digits: 4/5 digits with two options

Measurement modes: three types

The testing speed can be selected as fast 5 times/second or slow 1 time/second, two options are available

Readback voltage accuracy 0.5% ? 1V

Test feature: Equipped with setting memory function, one click power on test results can be obtained without repeated settings

Measurement delay and discharge delay can be set

Ten custom measurement modes can be edited by users themselves, and can be directly accessed upon startup to meet the testing needs of different materials

Range Exceeding Display Range Exceeding Range

Input terminal banana plug, BNC plug

The accuracy guarantee period is 1 year. According to the validity period of the measurement certificate, the accuracy guarantee can be tested at any testing center nationwide

Operating temperature and humidity: 0 ℃ to 40 ℃, below 80% RH (no condensation)

Storage temperature and humidity -10 ℃ to 60 ℃ below 80% RH (no condensation)

Operating environment indoors, with a maximum altitude of 2000m

Power supply voltage: 110V/220V AC frequency: 47Hz/63Hz two power supply modes

Power consumption 50 W

Size approximately 331 mm x 329 mm x 80 mm

Weight approximately 4.1kg

describe

The resistivity ρ is not only related to the material of the conductor, but also to the temperature of the conductor. In the range where temperature changes little: the resistivity of almost all metals varies linearly with temperature, that is, ρ=ρ o (1 at). In the formula, t is the temperature in Celsius, ρ o is the resistivity at O ℃, and a is the temperature coefficient of resistivity.

2. As the resistivity changes with temperature, it is necessary to explain the physical state of the resistance of certain electrical appliances. The resistance of a 220 V -100 W electric lamp filament is 484 ohms when powered and only about 40 ohms when not powered.

3. Electrical resistivity and resistance are two different concepts. Electrical resistivity is a property that reflects the obstruction of current by a substance, and resistance is the ability of an object to obstruct current.

The sudden disappearance of the DC resistivity of superconductors at a certain low temperature is called the zero resistance effect. The conductor has lost its resistance.

The electrical resistivity of metals is relatively low, that of alloys is relatively high, that of non metals and some metal oxides is even higher, and that of insulators is extremely high. Germanium, silicon, selenium, copper oxide, boron, and other materials have lower electrical resistivity than insulators but higher resistivity than metals. We call these materials semiconductors.

Summary: Under normal conditions (as shown in the table), silver, copper, and aluminum have good conductivity, and these three materials are commonly used as wires. Silver is relatively expensive, so copper is widely used, and almost all wires used in applications are made of copper (except for precision instruments and special occasions). Aluminum wire has been phased out due to its unstable chemical properties and easy oxidation. Due to its low density, wide availability, and lower price compared to copper, aluminum is widely used in overhead transmission lines for power transmission in the power system. To solve the problem of insufficient rigidity of aluminum materials, steel core aluminum stranded wire is generally used, which is wrapped with a steel wire inside the aluminum stranded wire to improve its strength. Silver has good conductivity, but it is rarely used due to its high cost and is only used in high demand applications such as precision instruments, high-frequency oscillators, aerospace, etc. In some occasions, gold is also used as a contact on instruments because its chemical properties are stable and not due to its low electrical resistivity.

影響電阻率的外界因素

電阻率不僅與材料種類有關(guān)，而且還與溫度、壓力和磁場(chǎng)等外界因素有關(guān)。金屬材料在溫度不高時(shí)，ρ與溫度t(℃)的關(guān)系是ρt=ρ0(1 at)，式中ρt與ρ0分別是t℃和0℃時(shí)的電阻率;α是電阻率的溫度系數(shù)，與材料有關(guān)。錳銅的α約為1?10-1/℃(其數(shù)值極小)，用其制成的電阻器的電阻值在常溫范圍下隨溫度變化極小，適合于作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻。已知材料的ρ值隨溫度而變化的規(guī)律后，可制成電阻式溫度計(jì)來(lái)測(cè)量溫度。半導(dǎo)體材料的α一般是負(fù)值且有較大的量值。制成的電阻式溫度計(jì)具有較高的靈敏度。有些金屬(如Nb和Pb)或它們的化合物，當(dāng)溫度降到幾K或十幾K(絕對(duì)溫度)時(shí)，ρ突然減少到接近零，出現(xiàn)超導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象，超導(dǎo)材料有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。利用材料的ρ隨磁場(chǎng)或所受應(yīng)力而改變的性質(zhì)，可制成磁敏電阻或電阻應(yīng)變片，分別被用來(lái)測(cè)量磁場(chǎng)或物體所受到的機(jī)械應(yīng)力，在工程上獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。

什么是電阻率：

電阻率是用來(lái)表示各種物質(zhì)電阻特性的物理量。某種物質(zhì)所制成的原件（常溫下20?C）的電阻與橫截面積的乘積與長(zhǎng)度的比值叫做這種物質(zhì)的電阻率。電阻率與導(dǎo)體的長(zhǎng)度、橫截面積等因素?zé)o關(guān)，是導(dǎo)體材料本身的電學(xué)性質(zhì)，由導(dǎo)體的材料決定，且與溫度、壓力、磁場(chǎng)等外界因素有關(guān)。

電阻率在國(guó)際單位制中的單位是Ω?m，讀作歐姆米，簡(jiǎn)稱歐米。常用單位為“歐姆?厘米”。

微分電阻

如電阻跟隨電壓及電流變動(dòng)，則可定義微分電阻為：

  dU

r=--

  dI

微分電阻的單位仍為歐姆，惟微分電阻值與基本的電阻值并不一致。微分電阻值有可能因有關(guān)儀器的特性而出現(xiàn)負(fù)值，稱為負(fù)電阻。然而，基本電阻（即電壓與電流的商）永遠(yuǎn)為正值。

為什么測(cè)量時(shí)儀器的讀數(shù)總是不穩(wěn)？

    一般的材料其導(dǎo)電性不是嚴(yán)格像標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻樣在一定的電壓下有很穩(wěn)定的電流，有很多材料特別是防靜電材料其導(dǎo)電性不符合歐姆定律，所以在測(cè)量時(shí)其讀數(shù)不穩(wěn)。

這不是儀器的問(wèn)題，而是被測(cè)量物體的性能決定的。有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定以測(cè)量1分鐘時(shí)間的讀數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。通常在測(cè)量高電阻或微電流時(shí)測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確度因重復(fù)性不好，對(duì)測(cè)量讀數(shù)只要求2位或3位。另外在測(cè)量大電阻時(shí)如果屏蔽不好也會(huì)因外界的電磁信號(hào)對(duì)儀器測(cè)量結(jié)果造成讀數(shù)不穩(wěn)。

External factors affecting resistivity

The resistivity is not only related to the type of material, but also to external factors such as temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. When the temperature of a metal material is not high, the relationship between ρ and temperature t (℃) is ρ t=ρ 0 (1 at), where ρ t and ρ 0 are the resistivity at t ℃ and 0 ℃, respectively; α is the temperature coefficient of resistivity, which is related to the material. The alpha value of manganese copper is about 1 ? 10-1/℃ (its value is extremely small), and the resistance value of resistors made from it changes very little with temperature in the normal temperature range, making them suitable for use as standard resistors. After knowing the law of the variation of the material's ρ value with temperature, a resistance thermometer can be made to measure temperature. The alpha value of semiconductor materials is generally negative and has a large magnitude. The resistance thermometer made has high sensitivity. Some metals (such as Nb and Pb) or their compounds, when the temperature drops to a few K or tens of K (absolute temperature), suddenly decrease in ρ to near zero, resulting in superconductivity. Superconducting materials have broad application prospects. By utilizing the property of the material's ρ changing with magnetic field or stress, magnetic sensitive resistors or resistance strain gauges can be made, which are used to measure the mechanical stress of magnetic fields or objects, and have been widely used in engineering.

What is electrical resistivity:

Electrical resistivity is a physical quantity used to represent the resistance characteristics of various substances. The ratio of the product of the electrical resistance and cross-sectional area to the length of a component made of a certain substance (at 20 ? C at room temperature) is called the electrical resistivity of the substance. The resistivity is independent of factors such as the length and cross-sectional area of the conductor, and is the electrical property of the conductor material itself. It is determined by the material of the conductor and is related to external factors such as temperature, pressure, and magnetic field.

The unit of electrical resistivity in the International System of Units is Ω? m, pronounced as ohm meter, abbreviated as ohm meter. The commonly used unit is "ohm ? centimeter".

differential resistance

If the resistance follows the changes of voltage and current, the differential resistance can be defined as:

dU

r=--

dI

The unit of differential resistance is still ohms, but the value of differential resistance is not consistent with the basic resistance value. The differential resistance value may have negative values due to the characteristics of the instrument, which is called negative resistance. However, the fundamental resistance (i.e. the quotient of voltage and current) is always positive.

Why is the reading of the instrument always unstable during measurement?

The conductivity of general materials is not as strict as that of standard resistors, which have a stable current at a certain voltage. Many materials, especially anti-static materials, have conductivity that does not comply with Ohm's law, so their readings are unstable during measurement.

This is not a problem with the instrument, but rather determined by the performance of the object being measured. Some standards stipulate that the reading should be based on measuring 1 minute of time. Usually, when measuring high resistance or microcurrents, the measurement accuracy is poor due to poor repeatability, and only 2 or 3 digits are required for the measurement reading. In addition, if the shielding is not good when measuring high resistance, the measurement results of the instrument may be unstable due to external electromagnetic signals.

體積表面電阻率測(cè)試儀是一種用于測(cè)量材料絕緣性能的精密儀器，廣泛應(yīng)用于多個(gè)行業(yè)，主要涉及對(duì)材料電絕緣性能有嚴(yán)格要求的領(lǐng)域。北京北廣精儀儀器設(shè)備有限公司聲場(chǎng)的體積表面電阻率測(cè)試儀主要用于以下主要適用行業(yè)及具體應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：

1. 電子與半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)

  應(yīng)用：測(cè)試PCB基板、絕緣薄膜、封裝材料、半導(dǎo)體晶圓等的電阻率，確保其絕緣性能滿足電子元件防短路、防漏電的要求。

  案例：評(píng)估手機(jī)電路板在高濕度環(huán)境下的絕緣可靠性。

2. 電力與能源行業(yè)

應(yīng)用：檢測(cè)電纜絕緣層、變壓器油、復(fù)合絕緣子等材料的電阻率，保障高壓設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)行。

案例：高壓電纜出廠前的絕緣性能驗(yàn)證。

3. 航空航天與汽車制造

   應(yīng)用：評(píng)估飛機(jī)復(fù)合材料、汽車線束、電池隔膜等材料的電絕緣性，防止靜電積聚或電磁干擾。

   案例：新能源汽車電池組絕緣材料的質(zhì)量控制。

4. 科研與新材料開發(fā)

   應(yīng)用：研究石墨烯、納米涂層等新型材料的導(dǎo)電/絕緣特性，優(yōu)化材料配方。

   案例：柔性顯示技術(shù)中透明導(dǎo)電薄膜的研發(fā)測(cè)試。

5. 醫(yī)療設(shè)備與生物材料

   應(yīng)用：檢測(cè)醫(yī)用塑料、導(dǎo)管、植入材料的絕緣性能，確保患者安全。

   案例：心臟起搏器絕緣外殼的生物兼容性測(cè)試。

6. 塑料與橡膠工業(yè)

   應(yīng)用：質(zhì)量控制環(huán)節(jié)中測(cè)量工程塑料、硅橡膠等材料的電阻率，用于防靜電包裝或絕緣部件生產(chǎn)。

   案例：防靜電托盤用于芯片運(yùn)輸前的電阻率達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)試。

6. 軍事與國(guó)防

   應(yīng)用：評(píng)估隱身涂層、雷達(dá)吸波材料等的電學(xué)性能。

7  案例：軍用無(wú)人機(jī)復(fù)合材料的電磁屏蔽效能測(cè)試。

8. 建材與家居行業(yè)

   應(yīng)用：檢測(cè)地板、墻板的防靜電性能（如數(shù)據(jù)中心地板）或絕緣性能（如電工套管）。

   案例：潔凈室防靜電地板的驗(yàn)收測(cè)試。

9.能源存儲(chǔ)（電池與電容器）

   應(yīng)用：測(cè)量隔膜、電解質(zhì)的電阻率，優(yōu)化鋰電池或超級(jí)電容器的性能。

   案例：鋰電隔膜孔隙率對(duì)離子傳導(dǎo)性的影響研究。

10. 質(zhì)量控制與認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)

   應(yīng)用：作為第三方檢測(cè)工具，依據(jù)ISO/ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)材料進(jìn)行認(rèn)證（如UL認(rèn)證、RoHS合規(guī)性）。

   案例：出口電子產(chǎn)品的絕緣安全認(rèn)證測(cè)試。

 關(guān)鍵測(cè)試參數(shù)

體積電阻率（Ω?cm）：反映材料內(nèi)部的絕緣性能。

表面電阻率（Ω/sq）：評(píng)估材料表面的導(dǎo)電/防靜電特性。

行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考

測(cè)試常遵循國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如IEC 60093、ASTM D257、GB/T 1410等，確保數(shù)據(jù)可比性。

總之，該儀器是材料電學(xué)性能評(píng)估的核心設(shè)備，覆蓋從基礎(chǔ)研究到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的全鏈條需求，尤其在需要高可靠性絕緣或可控導(dǎo)電性的場(chǎng)景中不可或缺。